Activity 3.1 – Human Population
Tanzania and Nigeria are both African countries with rich histories and diverse cultures, but
they have several differences and similarities. One is the geography and size, nigeria is bigger with the biggest population in Africa holding 200 million people and Tanzania holding 60 million. Another is their economy Nigeria has one of the largest economies in Africa which is primarily driven by oil and gas exports. Tanzania's economy is more diverse with agriculture playing a major role. However, Nigeria still faces challenges like high unemployment rates and economic corruption. Both countries are culturally diverse with numerous amount of ethnic groups like Hausa, Sukuma, Chaga, and Maasai. English is the official language in both countries.
Nigeria has a bigger global impact due to its oil reserves and Nollywood, while Tanzania is known for its tourism and stability. Both of these countries play a unique role in the world.
Recap
Tanzania is located in East Africa and is known for its rich cultural heritage and diverse population. As of 2025, Tanzania is reaching
a population of 68 million people. The population is predominantly rural, with about more than half of its population living in rural areas,
although urbanization is gradually increasing. Tanzania is home to over 120 ethnic groups, with the largest being the Sukuma, Chagga, and Haya. The country's ethnic diversity is reflected
in its cultural practices, languages, and traditions. Swahili is the national language and is widely
spoken across the country serving as a unifying language. English is also an official language, used primarily in government, business, and education. Tanzania has a youthful population, with a median age of around 18 years. About 45% of the population is under the age of 15, which presents both opportunities and challenges for the country. The high fertility rate, averaging around 4.8 children per woman, contributes to a rapid population growth rate of approximately 3% per year. The health sector in Tanzania faces challenges such as limited access to healthcare services high maternal and infant mortality rates and the prevalence of diseases like malaria and HIV/AIDS. However, efforts are being made to improve healthcare infrastructure and services. Education is another critical area, with the government striving to increase enrollment rates and improve the quality od education. Primarily education is compulsory and free, but secondary and higher education still face accessibility issues. Agriculture is the backbone of Tanzania's economy, employing more than half of the workforce. Key crops include coffee, tea, tobacco, and cashew nuts. The country also has significant natural resources, including gold, diamonds, and natural gas. Tourism is a growing sector, with attractions like Mount Kilimajor, Secrentagi National Park, and Zanzibar drawing visitors from around the world.
Nigeria is located in West Africa and is the most popular country on the continent with an estimated population of
over 200 million people.
The population is highly diverse and rapidly urbanizing with major cities, Lagos, Abuja, and Kano experiencing significant growth.
Nigeria is known for its ethnic diversity with over 250 ethnic groups. The 3 largest ethnic groups are Hausa-Fulani in the north,
the Yoruba in the southwest, and the Igbo in the southeast. Each ethnic group has its own language, culture, and traditions.
English is the official language, used in government, education, and business.
Nigeria has a very young population, with a median age of around 18 years, almost half of the population is under the age of 15,
reflecting a high fertility rate of about 5.4 children per woman. The population growth rate is approximately 2.6% per year.
Nigeria faces significant health challenges, including high maternal and infant mortality rates the prevalence of infectious diseases
like malariaand HIV/AIDS, and limited access to healthcare services. Efforts are being made to improve healthcare infrastructures and outcomes. In education, Nigeria has made progress in increasing enrollment rates, particularly at the primary level. However, they still face challenges in terms of quality, access to secondary and higher education, and regional disparities. Nigeria has a mixed economy with a diverse range of activities. The county is one of the largest oil producers in the world and oil exports are a major source of revenue. However, the economy is also characterized by agriculture, which employs a significant portion of the population. Key agricultural products include cocoa, groundnuts, and palm oil. The services sector including banking, telecommunications, and entertainment(Nollywood) is growing rapidly and contributing to economic diversification.
To wrap up, both Tanzania and Nigeria are shown by their youthful population's ethnic diversity and economic potential.
References
Works Cited
cycles, This text provides general information Statista assumes no liability for the information given being
complete or correct Due to varying update, and Statistics Can Display More Up-to-Date Data Than Referenced in the Text.
“Topic: Demographics of Nigeria.” Statista, 21 Dec. 2023, www.statista.com/topics/6477/demographics-of-nigeria/#topicOverview.
Generis Legal Intelligence. “Understanding the Healthcare System in Tanzania: An Overview.” Generis Global Legal Services, 29 Nov. 2024, generisonline.com/understanding-the-healthcare-system-in-tanzania-an-overview /. Accessed 12 Feb. 2025.
Natasha. “30 Fun Tanzania Facts That Will Blow Your Mind.” Theworldpursuit.com, theworldpursuit.com/facts-about-tanzania/.
OYP. “Tanzania: Exploring Culture, Traditions & Festivals.” Over Your Place, 21 July 2023, overyourplace.com/tanzania-exploring-culture-traditions-festivals/. Accessed 12 Feb. 2025.
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Worldometer. “Nigeria Demographics 2019 (Population, Age, Sex, Trends) - Worldometers.” Worldometers.info, 2019, www.worldometers.info/demographics/nigeria-demographics/.
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